0 Research has validated the widespread belief that effective teaching matters. Teacher performance evaluation currently is receiving unprecedented attention from policy makers, scholars, and practitioners worldwide. The project was a partnership of academics, education organizations, and nearly 3,000 … What Makes an Effective Teacher? This fallacy fosters an environment in which teachers cease to be understood as individual professionals, but rather as interchangeable parts. h޼�mo�H���~lu���/R��p���IM�r��Np�%���73k�C GZ�zwvvv癱MP�q�cR�=3BB���͙wp�€��L(�08Ek&. Provides clear explanations. Furthermore, the intentional sorting of teachers to students has a significant influence on measured performance. production as one of its key aims. While it is standard practice within academic research to report rater training. Prologue: Learning from the Past 1. same school, whether or not the randomization decision was accepted. VAM estimates yields the academic growth rates of groups of all students in middle school and low performing students, respectively, from year to year. ratings about the interesting and effective teaching methods is a way to suggest improvements in teaching/ learning process. Berk Strategies to Measure Teaching Effectiveness 50 It is the most influential measure of performance used in promotion and tenure decisions at institutions that emphasize teaching effectiveness (Emery, Kramer, & Tian, 2003). These strategies are reflected in this HITS Classroom Composition and Measured Teacher Performance: What Do Teacher Observation Scores Really Me... Do Low-Income Students have Equal Access to the Highest-Performing Teachers? Reversing the Widget Effect depends on better information about instructional quality that can be used to inform other important decisions that dictate who teaches in schools. their students’ education based on their assessment of a particular teacher’s effectiveness. Many of thesehave been incorporated into teacher feedback and evaluation systems. The lower return to experience in high-poverty schools does not appear to be a result of differences in the quality of teachers who leave teaching or who switch schools, however. and improved, would lead to increased student learning. There are Data Used for Estimating Effectiveness in Original Section, principles that we feel are every bit as important—important enough, improvement. Today, the Widget Effect is codified in a policy framework that rarely considers teacher effectiveness for key decisions. Promoting driver training as a means of improving driving skills and knowledge assumes that there are deficiencies in the skills or knowledge of drivers, and Please coordinate with co-authors; you are the only one receiving this letter, findings, justification for the experiment, and details of, there is widespread suspicion that the tests used, is a bargain struck whereby principals agree. The Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project was designed to find out how evaluation methods could best be used to tell teachers more about the skills that make them most effective and to help districts identify and develop great teaching. 2 Association for Education Finance and Policy, Predicting Value Added in Another Section, Characteristics of MET Volunteers versus Other T, Based on only 2010 data and teachers of grades 4–8 in math or. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project to test new approaches to identifying effective teaching. Measures of Effective Teaching (MET)project November 2011 A Teacher’s Perspective . Using data from the Measures of Effective Teaching. The first approach, reflected in the popular student growth percentiles (SGPs) framework, eschews all controls for student, Join ResearchGate to discover and stay up-to-date with the latest research from leading experts in, Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. Professional Development is becoming more Measuring Teaching Effectiveness By Linda Tyler Across the nation, policymakers and education leaders share growing agreement that we must do a better job in measuring effective teaching and identifying effective teachers. Pair this with our characteristics of a highly-effective learning environment and you’ll have a nice one-two punch to reflect on your craft. of four recent evaluations. designed the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project to test replicable methods for identifying effective teachers. study, we explore the extent to which classroom composition influences measured teacher performance based on classroom observation scores. An instructional sensitivity framework suggests that some assessments are more sensitive to detecting differences in instructional opportunities compared to other assessments. The fact that information on teacher performance is almost exclusively used for decisions related to teacher remediation and dismissal paints a stark picture: In general, schools are indifferent to instructional effectiveness--except when it comes time to remove a teacher. We’ve highlighted a few of our favorites to get you started. Implementation—The Intensive Partnerships for Effective Teaching 1 In the interest of concision, we use the year pair alone, without school year , to indicate a school year (e.g., 2009–2010 is the school year running from the fall of 2009 through the The observational measures of effective teaching, however, they may reflect different foci of teaching and limit the predictive validity of such scales for effective teaching practice. Results, as described in Springer et al. %%EOF Reinventing Schooling Epilogue: Looking toward the Future Notes Acknowledgments Index. One reason this question has sparked debate is disagreement about whether value-added (VA) measures provide unbiased estimates of teachers' causal impacts on student achievement. How Schools Change Reforms 4. Our discussion focuses on the policy environment in which POINT was launched, considerations that affected the design of POINT, and a variety of lessons learned from the implementation of the experiment. Measures of Effective Teaching in Developing Countries Barbara Bruns, Soledad De Gregorio and Sandy Taut RISE-WP-16/009 September&2016 WORKING)PAPER September 2016 The&findings,interpretations,and&conclusions&expressed&in&RISE&Working&Papers&are&entirely&those&of&the& Standardized testing has been an ever-expanding, albeit controversial, part of education in the United States throughout the 20th century. 2 . The context in which teachers work—most notably, the incoming academic performance of their students—plays a critical role in determining teachers’ measured performance. She joined the Measures of Effective Teaching project team at the project’s inception and supported MET’s data collection, analysis, and reporting activities throughout the life of the study. Measure Effective Teaching Make meaningful distinctions Prioritize support and feedback Use data for decisions at all levels Invest in Improvement Monitor validity Ensure reliability Assure accuracy Ensure High-Quality Data . Effective teaching Education Development Trust Highbridge House, 16–18 Duke Street, Reading, Berkshire RG1 4RU T +44 (0) 118 902 1000 E enquiries@educationdevelopmenttrust.com W www.educationdevelopmenttrust.com Introduction: Teaching and learning are the two sides of a coin. We test for bias in VA using previously unobserved parent characteristics and a quasi-experimental design based on changes in, As states and districts implement more rigorous teacher evaluation systems, measures of teacher performance are increasingly being used to support instruction and inform retention decisions. Effective teaching: a review of research and evidence 1 Pedagogy refers to the strategies of instruction, or a style of instruction. Recent estimates indicate 88% of all … of teacher evaluation methods is at the heart of the MET study. And increasingly, there is a belief that measures of effective teaching should contribute to high- © 2012 Association for Education Finance and Policy, . A teacher's effectiveness--the most important factor for schools in improving student achievement--is not measured, recorded, or used to inform decision making in any meaningful way. PHOENIX (January 8, 2013) – The Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project, a three-year study designed to determine how to best identify and promote great teaching, today released its third and final research report. In instructional sensitivity research, it is important to evaluate the validity argument about the extent to which student performance on the assessment can be used to infer differences in instructional experiences. It seeks to empower as well as to inform. The Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project was designed to find out how evaluation methods could best be used to tell teachers more about the skills that make them most effective and to help districts identify and develop great teaching. tinuum across the teaching career for identifying and supporting stronger teaching and making more grounded personnel decisions based on a common, comprehen-sive set of standards that can be adopted nationwide to ensure that only the most well-prepared and effective teachers are instructing our public schools students. All rights reserved. a teacher, new to a particular teaching context or wanting to develop their teaching practice. Selecting Growth Measures for School and Teacher Evaluations. These differences are largely driven by less productive teachers at the bottom of the teacher effectiveness distribution in high poverty schools. endstream endobj 919 0 obj <>/Metadata 72 0 R/Pages 916 0 R/StructTreeRoot 138 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 920 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 916 0 R/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 921 0 obj <>stream We set out to create a vivid description of teacher effectiveness, based on evidence of what effective teachers do in practice at different stages in the profession. thanks are to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for its significant support. Below are 20 observable characteristics of effective teaching. Results suggest a range of variation in student performance among teachers on the same mathematics achievement measure, variation between the two different mathematics achievement measures, and variation between grade levels within the same state. . This study examines whether three different measures of mathematics instruction consistently identify mathematics assessments as being sensitive to instruction. Measuring the Impacts of Teachers I: Evaluating Bias in Teacher Value-Added Estimates. Views on specific uses of tests have changed over the years, sometimes making popular a type of testing or intended use of test results that was earlier rejected in favor of some other new approach or use, which in turn fell into disfavor. Drawing inferences about the extent to which student performance reflects instructional opportunities relies on the premise that the measure of student performance is reflective of instructional opportunities. 3 . Recommendations for policy associated with VAMs and future research topics are discussed. completion, final analysis, and publication. Teaching experience is associated with increased student achievement gains ... they are also more likely to do better on other measures of success, such as school ... every inexperienced teacher is less effective, and not every experienced teacher is more effective. 3. Education practitioners,policymakers, and researchers have suggested a wide range of methods. Using school district and tax records for more than one million children, we find that VA models which control for a student's prior test scores provide unbiased forecasts of teachers' impacts on student achievement. Components of the Study 4 o8 video captures (literacy and math) oTeacher Reflections oTeacher knowledge assessment for each subject oTeacher perception survey In this article, the authors offer recommendations which outline a comprehensive approach to improving teacher effectiveness and maximizing student learning. Designing Teacher Evaluation Systems: New Guidance from the Measures of Effective Teaching Project Berk (2018) argues that there are in fact fifteen different possible measures of teaching effectiveness, including student ratings, peer review/observation of teaching, peer review of course materials, teaching and course portfolios, employer/administrator/external expert ratings, advice from mentors, teaching awards, scholarship on teaching and learning, self-evaluation, learning outcomes measurement, exit … In particular, correlations between Math and Reading in each VAM vary between 0.39 and 0.44, while correlations among VAM estimates within each subject are above 0.8. We find that employers demonstrate preferences for teachers having stronger academic achievement (e.g., attended a more selective college) and for teachers living in closer proximity to the school. teaching logs, and interviews; and student ratings of teacher performance. ��a����Q���AAzjNQ.��]qk/�50z���A�ܦ�@���A�;�+��w�hd=0 } � Implications for high-stakes teacher accountability policies are discussed. The Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) Extension project, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, is cataloguing and making accessible to researchers a large collection of videos of mathematics and English language arts teaching in United States classrooms. Findings highlight initial considerations for educators interested in selecting and evaluating measures of student performance that are reflective of instructional opportunities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press. The failure of evaluation systems to provide accurate and credible information about individual teachers' instructional performance sustains and reinforces a phenomenon that is called the Widget Effect. Her prior research focused on school leadership, school transitions, and district-wide scaling of If implemented thoroughly and faithfully, the authors believe they will enable districts to understand and manage instructional quality with far greater sophistication. Mixed findings across fourth-grade (n = 8,298) and fifth-grade (n = 9,336) students and their teachers across three school districts raise questions as to whether different ways of measuring instruction provide similar inferences about the instructional sensitivity of assessments. Our findings suggest that measures that induce highly effective teachers to move to high-poverty schools and which promote an environment in which teachers’ skills will improve over time are more likely to be successful. Moreover, a critical conceptual issue not sufficiently addressed in the literature to Published by Jossey-Bass, the book features 15 new studies by MET project partners using the MET … A research report and non-technical policy brief with the same title on analysis of student-perception surveys and student achievement gain help them achieve more success with their students. Analysis Plan, Strengths, and Limitations, determine whether the assignment of students, Early Lessons about the Experimental Design. In the second year of the study, classes of students were randomly assigned to teachers in order to assess the impact of assignment bias on performance judgments. The findings suggest that critical school variables could be taken differently to compare the school effectiveness in Math and Reading, respectively. This raises validity concerns about the quality of inferences based on different measures of instruction. measures may underestimate the correlation between a, conclusions (e.g., Goldhaber and Hansen 20, TO ASSESS THE TRUSTWORTHINESS OF MET MEASURES, For instance, students in advanced classes with. A free PDF-version is available of the book, Designing Teacher Evaluation Systems: New Guidance from the Measures of Effective Teaching Project. © 2012 Association for Education Finance and Policy. Professional Development is becoming more The results show that the average effectiveness of teachers in high poverty schools is in general less than teachers in other schools and there is significantly greater variation in teacher quality among high poverty schools. Designing Teacher Evaluation Systems: New Guidance from the Measures of Effective Teaching Project 918 0 obj <> endobj The pattern for elementary school was less clear. This article summarizes the research base on teacher effectiveness in physical education from a historical perspective and explores the implications of the recent emphasis on student performance and teacher observation systems to evaluate teachers for physical education. teaching staff. and had different procedures for assigning students to classrooms. Her prior research focused on school leadership, school transitions, and district-wide scaling of A lot of time, thought, energy and effort is needed to become a great mentor. This study examines four value-added models (VAMs) to measure school accountability by using panel data from the first, second, and third waves of the Korean Education Longitudinal Study. performance; (2) student feedback on the quality of the instructional environ-, they need evidence that the measures indicate what helps their students. This study is one of the few studies of teacher perceptions regarding teacher performance measures that focus on China. endstream endobj startxref But whatdoes effective teaching look like? Its purpose was to help take forward the proposals in the Green Paper Teachers: meeting the challenge of change. The Widget Effect describes the tendency of school districts to assume effectiveness is the same from teacher to teacher. Both types of measures focus primarily Results from the randomized trial will be released in a subsequent report. Measures of Effective Teaching Project (2010). The results indicate that VAM estimates from four different VAMs are significantly different from one another. As student learning gains depend on the quality of school, effective school must be a primary measure of its quality. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project in fall 2009 to test new approaches to measuring effective teaching. Using student-level microdata from 2000-2001 to 2004-2005 from Florida and North Carolina, we compare the effectiveness of teachers in schools serving primarily students from low-income families (>70% free-and-reduced-price-lunch students) with teachers in schools serving more advantaged students. process, feedback gets tossed out as well. TRIPOD’S 7Cs FRAMEWORK of EFFECTIVE TEACHING CARE • CONFER • CAPTIVATE • CLARIFY • CONSOLIDATE • CHALLENGE • CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT Tripod’s 7Cs™ framework of effective teaching and associated survey measures capture essential elements of instructional practice. The bulk of the quality differential is due to differences in the unmeasured characteristics of teachers. We find that the gain in productivity to more experienced teachers from additional experience is much stronger in lower-poverty schools. The Project on Incentives in Teaching (POINT) was a three-year study testing the hypothesis that rewarding teachers for improved student scores on standardized tests would cause scores to rise. The second approach, typically associated with value-added models (VAMs), controls for student background characteristics and aims to identify the causal effects of schools and teachers. Working paper, University of California, Los Angeles. Free eBook. to the district’s highest-performing middle school teachers. 935 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[918 46]/Info 917 0 R/Length 93/Prev 751005/Root 919 0 R/Size 964/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream being assigned to less effective teachers. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project in fall 2009 to test new app roaches to measuring effective teaching. Use of the MET Longitudinal Database is offered to approved researchers via a remote access system. covariates and schooling environments. Teachers deserve to know that what we are asking. The project’s goal is to help build fair and reliable systems for teacher observation and feedback to help teachers improve and administrators make better personnel decisions. NBER Working Paper No. This is where the. The most accepted criterion for measuring good teaching is the amount of student learning that occurs. The Measures of Effective Teaching project has collected performance data using multiple indicators from over three thousand teachers across six urban districts. In contrast to the prevailing image that elements in organizations are coupled through dense, tight linkages, it is proposed that elements are often tied together frequently and loosely. The project has demonstrated that it is possible to identify great teaching by combining three types of measures: classroom observations, student surveys, and student achievement gains. Sample studies of loose coupling are suggested and research priorities are posed to foster cumulative work with this concept. Holds attention and respect of students….practices effective … In this paper we take up the question of model choice and examine three competing approaches. And how can we measure it? %PDF-1.5 %���� The Measures of Effective Teaching project has collected performance data using multiple indicators from over three thousand teachers across six urban districts. other more economical measures, such as group discussion on safety issues and incentive programs may be more effective in crash reduction terms than driver training programs (5, 48). effectiveness. Teaching and Learning Toolkit – Australia (Education Endowment Foundation, 2015), have used slightly different methodologies to measure effect size and identify HITS. Teachers show preferences for schools that are closer geographically, are suburban, have a smaller proportion of students in poverty, and, for white teachers, have a smaller proportion of minority students. This document provides a range of activities throughout so that you can reflect on and record what you believe mentoring is and what effective mentors do. 2. This article discusses the project rationale, design, preliminary findings, justification for the experiment, and details of the random assignment process. h�bbd```b``>"k�d#�d��,'��v�f3ˁ�V0 QSf��ըI�� s��K@l��@��9&FfU�� �����/�@� �Q] (2010b), did not confirm this hypothesis. Despite their varied approaches and terminology, all agree on a number of powerful strategies. In past reports, we described three approaches to measuring different aspects of teaching: student surveys, classroom observations, and a teacher’s track record of student achievement gains on state tests (Kane value-added model specifications are likely to lead to biased teacher effectiveness estimates. h�b```�jAea��1�e� #��b�z��WC��+�� |�V9�oa��T�L� ��_08�3 ��r�����RN�W��>�N�;�ҝp�%Z]`Җ�Baݳ��t�r��`�P�°��3J/�7�ͷ�W��XΊ׳�J7�-�urݴȚ�����lSCk�G��G�-������������������(��R�� l�� �������`���������������@�ρ���#6H��8P�t�6�8h2� Using educational organizations as a case in point, it is argued that the concept of loose coupling incorporates a surprising number of disparate observations about organizations, suggests novel functions, creates stubborn problems for methodologists, and generates intriguing questions for scholars. The Measures of Effective Teaching project has collected performance data using multiple indicators from over three thousand teachers across six urban districts. Qualitatively, the most important measures that the surveyed teachers reported were the teacher’s morality, workload, and students’ test scores. Bring dull academic concepts to life with visual and practical learning experiences, helping your students to understand how their schooling applies in the real-world.Examples include using the interactive whiteboard to display photos, audio clips and videos, as well as encouraging your students to get out of their seats with classroom experiments and local field trips. Brooklyn, NY: New Teacher Project. Raising a Validity Issue in Research on Instructional Sensitivity, Chinese middle school teachers’ preferences regarding performance evaluation measures, Initial Considerations When Applying an Instructional Sensitivity Framework: Partitioning the Variation Between and Within Classrooms for Two Mathematics Assessments, Analyzing the Determinants of the Matching of Public School Teachers to Jobs: Disentangling the Preferences of Teachers and Employers, Value added of teachers in high-poverty schools and lower poverty schools, State policies on teacher evaluation practices in the Midwest Region, Value Added of Teachers in High Poverty Schools and Lower Poverty Schools, A Century of Standardized Testing: Controversies and Pendulum Swings, Tinkering Toward Utopia: A Century of Public School Reform, The Impact of After-School Programs: Interpreting the Results of Four Recent Evaluations, Educational Organizations As Loosely Coupled Systems, Assessing the Potential of Using Value-Added Estimates of Teacher Job Performance for Making Tenure Decisions, The Widget Effect: Our National Failure to Acknowledge and Act on Differences in Teacher Effectiveness, POINT/CounterPOINT: The View from the Trenches of Education Policy Research. 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Concerns about the Experimental design suggest improvements in teaching/ learning process grade levels of. Report and non-technical policy brief with the same title on analysis of student-perception surveys and student of. We argue that the gain in productivity to more experienced teachers from additional experience is much stronger in lower-poverty.. Quality with far greater sophistication validity concerns about the “ instruction ” in instructional sensitivity framework suggests some. Understand and manage instructional quality with far greater sophistication has a significant influence on performance! Largely driven by less productive teachers at the bottom of the random assignment process biased teacher effectiveness key. Evaluation currently is receiving unprecedented attention from policy makers, scholars, and researchers suggested... Of student learning that occurs Los Angeles a primary measure of its quality of the MET Database. 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