Polyglycolic acid; CAS Number: 26009-03-0; Synonym: PGA, Poly(2-hydroxyacetic acid); find Sigma-Aldrich-46746 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & … https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in A polyester used for absorbable sutures and surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. Article  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1. 12, 373 (1985). et al. Japan’s Kureha has opened the world’s first commercial-scale polyglycolic acid (PGA) facility at DuPont’s site in Belle, W.Va. Son, and J.-H. Kim, Polym. 40, 33 (2014). 36, 301 (2013). L. I. Ramdhanie, S. R. Aubuchon, E. D. Boland, D. C. Knapp, C. P. Barnes, and D. G. Simpson, Polym. B. G. Belenkaya, V. I. Sakharova, E. A. Sinevich, S. I. Belousov, A. H. Kuptsov, and S. N. Chvalun, Macromol. Fibers Polym 18, 407–415 (2017). Activation energy from Kissinger’s approach was 112 kJ/mol for lab synthesized PGA and 119 kJ/mol for Kuredux, whereas from Flynn and Wall’s method, it was observed as 115 kJ/mol and 121 kJ/mol for solution-polymerized PGA and Kuredux respectively and activation energies calculated from dynamic experiment method was also comparable of both PGAs. This method constitutes an inexpensive and efficient pathway for the synthesis of PGA, circumventing the usual route requiring glycolide. Epub 2013 Dec 31. 144, 187 (1999). PGA Polymer Features and Benefits Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Sci., The advantage of using suture mainly, it causes less tissue damage. S. Zhou, X. Deng, X. Li, W. Jia, and L. Liu, J. Appl. C. M. Agrawal, D. Huang, J. P. Schmitz, and K. A Athanasiou, Tissue Eng., It can be prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization. acids, which include polyglycolic acid or polymandelic acid, and are considered biodegradable and compostable. Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) is an essential biopolymer due to its thermal and mechanical properties and biodegradability which provide utility for medical applications and renewable industry. Our previous studies revealed that PGA can alternatively be produced via … R. Mohammadikhah and J. Mohammadi-Rovshandeh, Iran. Polym. abstract = "This article reviews various methods of synthesizing polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization and modifying properties of polylactic acid (PLA), which may be used as biomaterials, such as a drug carrier in a drug delivery system, as a cell scaffold and suture in tissue engineering, and as packaging materials in packaging engineering field. Young Jun Kim. Sci., PGA has been known since 1954 as a tough fiber-forming polymer. 29, 2229 (1988). Our previous studies revealed that PGA was alternatively synthesized with one-step cationic polymerization of formaldehyde from trioxane and carbonmonoxide (CO), sustainable C1 feedstocks obtainable from biomethanol or biogas. PubMed Google Scholar. Polyglycolic acid (PGA), which is an important biodegradable polymer, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring opening polymerization of glycolide (with mostly using tin … In order to utilize PGA in other marketing materials such as packaging, PGA should be specifically engineered to improve its physical properties by a copolymerization strategy utilizing appropriate comonomers since PGA displays brown or beige color and is not soluble in most organic solvents due to its very high crystallinity. An intermediate step is often the formation of the lactide. A series of previously-synthesized lactic/glycolic acid polymers (PLGA) with various molar ratios of lactic to glycolic acid and various molecular weights were further studied with regard to their biodegradation behavior, and in particular, the factors affecting the biodegradation rate. R. L. Blaine and H. E. Kissinger, Thermochim. K. Shen and S. Yang, Adv. Acta Biomater. Polyglycolic acid (PGA), which is an important biodegradable polymer, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring opening polymerization of glycolide (with mostly using tin … This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. We present a new approach to synthesizing polyglycolic acid (PGA) via the cationic alternating copolymerization of formaldehyde (from trioxane) and carbon monoxide (CO), sustainable C1 feedstocks obtainable from biomethanol or biogas. Sci., 69, 1203 (1998). Figure 21.2 shows that the synthesis of PLA can follow three main routes. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 2004). Y. J. Kim, J.-H. Kim, and J. C. Won, High Perform. 5,6 The strength of PGA is increased when spun into fibre form, because of the preferred higher molecular orientation of the polymer. J. K. Jamshidi, S.-H. Hyon, and Y. Ikada, Polymer, Polym. J., It is synthesized from sucrose via lactic-acid bacteria like Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus mutans, and lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus brevis. F. K. Mallon and W. H. Ray, J. Appl. 4, 323 (1966). Sci. R. M. R. Wellen and E. L. Canedo, Polym. Pandey A(1), Pandey GC, Aswath PB. Abstract Polyglycolic acid was synthesized by a one-step reaction of chloroacetic acid and triethylamine in tetrahydrofuran. 7, 1 (1980). G. Jiang, D. J. Nowakowski, and A. V. Bridgwater, Thermochim. Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea, Muhammad Ayyoob, Doo Hyun Lee, Ji Heung Kim, Sung Woo Nam & Young Jun Kim, You can also search for this author in Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University. The polymer materials of polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) have been shown in recent years to be strong contributors to the development of biodegradable medical implants within the human body, drug carrier designs, and even uses in the packaging industry. Y. J. Kim, G. I. 5, 1 (2003). 41, 1937 (2008). Dexon suture material twisted and monofilament manufactured absorbable sutures made out of the homopolymer of glycolic acid.Polyglycolic acid suture with Excellent rigidity over the basic injury for fast twisted mending process uniform distance. Chem., 29 It is not soluble in most organic … A Rasooli, M. A. Boutorabi, M. Divandari, and A. Azarniya, Bull. The immense utility of many of these polymers were over looked due to their degradation via hydrolysis. 41, 8725 (2000). P. A. Gunatillake and R. Adhikari, Eur. Lei, J. Polym. Synthesis. 38, 1137 (2006). Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Pharm., H. E. Kissinger, Anal. Cells. V. Singh and M. Tiwari, Int. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. For instance, in the orthopaedic field, mechanical properties and design (which of course are closely related) of the end product will be essential; to a lesser extent this will be the case in the pharma… J. H. Flynn and L. A. Mater., 17, 691 (2008). 200, 2221 (1999). 540, 1 (2012). Y. Lu, C. Schmidt, and S. Beuermann, Macromol. Stabil., X. Jiang, E. B. Vogel, M. R. Smith, and G. L. Baker, Macromolecules, Crystallographic structure of PGA was confirmed by XRD and the resulting PGA polymer was similar in thermal degradation to that of commercially available polyglycolide (Kuredux), synthesized by ring opening polymerization. 29, 1702 (1957). 100, 267 (1967). Wall, J. Polym. Polyglycolic acid (PGA) was successfully synthesized via solution and melt/solid polycondensations. Res., Sci., 91, 1848 (2004). E. Gautier, P. Fuertes, P. Cassagnau, J.-P. Pascault, and E. Fleury, J. Polym. The intrinsic viscosity was obtained up to 0.35 dl/g of the PGA synthesized by melt/solid polycondensation. 2010, 1 (2010). S. Moon, C. Lee, I. Taniguchi, M. Miyamoto, and Y. Kimura, Polymer, 3, 345 (1997). The synthesis of lactic acid into high-molecular- carboxylic end-group [21]. Ayyoob, M., Lee, D.H., Kim, J.H. Mater. Acta, H. Montes de Oca and I. M. Ward, Polymer, Polym., 216, 395 (2015). By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. TGA was performed at 6 different heating rates from 5 to 50 °C/min and data was analyzed by three different approaches to obtain activation energy. The results have shown that optimum polymerizations were achieved at lower reaction temperatures than that of PGA homopolymer synthesis (110 °C versus 170 °C). Kamil Budak, Oguz Sogut, Umran Aydemir Sezer, A review on synthesis and biomedical applications of polyglycolic acid, Journal of Polymer Research, 10.1007/s10965-020-02187-1, 27, 8, (2020). Correspondence to Lett., 45, 3583 (2004). The increase in popul… Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2019.01.008. Google Scholar. Test., In this study; to improve on the physical properties of PGA, such as melting temperature and solubility, polymerizations of trioxane, CO and a minor amount of epoxides with long side chains were performed under the same reaction condition as PGA homopolymer synthesis (DCM solvent, at 800 psi, with triflic acid catalyst, reaction time of 72 h). M. Epple and O. Herzberg, J. Predictable assimilation profile Scaffold materials such as polyglycolic acid lead to significant inflammatory reactions, inhibiting homogeneous matrix synthesis. Degrad. Its subsequent polymerization provided poly (glycolic acid) with controlled molar masses ranging from 2000 to 42,000 g/mol with well‐defined structures characterized by NMR. Both PGAs were characterized for thermal decomposition kinetic studies using thermaogravimetric analysis (TGA), to investigate the effect of end-group and molecular weight on thermal degradation behavior. C. Nakafuku and H. Yoshimura, Polymer, The synthesis PLA, PGA, and PLGA can be done under many different mechanisms with main mechanisms being (1) Direct condensation polymerization (2) Ring Opening Polymerization each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. From dynamic experiment method linearity curve starts as low as 1 % decomposition and continues as high as 97 % with decomposition temperature ranges 219 to 380 °C for PGA and 230 to 406 °C for Kuredux. Chem., 7, 1037 (1997). Stabil., Author information: (1)Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States. 498, 61 (2010). Infact, for the different application areas, basic materials are of prime importance, together with the technology to form implants or other forms. Part of Springer Nature. Synthesis of polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid blends using microwave radiation. K. Takahashi, K. Takahashi, I. Taniguchi, M. Miyamoto, and Y. Kimura, Polymer, Mater. Fibers and Polymers The direct biosynthesis of PLA similar to the poly (hydroxyalkanoate)s has been reported as well. J. Polym. Phys., Polyglycolic acid (PGA), which is an important biodegradable polymer, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring opening polymerization of glycolide (with mostly using tin octanoate catalyst). 1. 84, 393 (2003). Part A: Polym. 47, 7070 (2006). K. Schwarz and M. Epple, Macromol. 821-822, 1023 (2013). The hydrolytic degradation of polyglycolic acid has been investigated. The synthesis of PLA is a multistep process which starts from the production of lactic acid and ends with its polymerization [2–4, 6–7]. CAS  51, 379 (2002). The in vitro degradation was investigated in a saline phosphate buffer. Chemie, G. Sivalingam and G. Madras, Polym. Chem. Google Scholar. Owing to its hydrolytic instability, however, its use has initially been limited. Whereas, PGA synthesized by longer hours of SSP was insoluble in most of the known solvents, which might have higher molecular weight as well as crystallinity. Biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of glycolide. PGA was synthesized by solution polymerization under vacuum by using diphenylsulfone as solvent and methanesulfonic acid as catalyst and the inherent viscosity of resultant PGA was 0.2 dl/g. Y. Chatani, K. Suehiro, Y. Kita, H. Tadokoro, and K. Chujo, Die Makromol. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Chem., Their thermal properties were evaluated by DSC analysis, and a glass transition temperature at … © 2019 King Saud University. Because Glypure™ PGA's low parts per million (ppm) impurity level is well-suited for efficient, high molecular weight polyglycolic acid polymer synthesis, it can be used to manufacture PGA for the biodegradable plastics market. Google Scholar. Currently polyglycolide and its copolymers (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) with lactic acid, poly(glycolide-co … Polyglycolic acid (PGA) was successfully synthesized via solution and melt/solid polycondensations. Polyglycolide (PGA) is partially crystallisable, with a high melting point (220–230 °C) and a glass transition temperature of 34–40 °C. 17, 19 (2005). This condensation reaction is a one-step process, and runs about 100 °C lower in temperature. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Synthesis of polyglycolic acid copolymers from cationic copolymerization of C1 feedstocks and long chain epoxides. Mater. The melting temperatures of all copolymers are lower, and the colors of the copolymers have become lighter than that of PGA homopolymer. Acta, Sci., Part A: Polym. - 91.238.162.122. Polylactic Acid and Polyglycolic Acid Phys., 42, 5059 (2001). Polyglycolide or poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), also spelled as polyglycolic acid, is a biodegradable, thermoplastic polymer and the simplest linear, aliphatic polyester. J., 46, 3802 (2008). For biomedical applications, production of PGA with high molecular weight is an essential factor to possess adequate mechanical stability. It is colloidal and hydrophilic in nature; it is inert to the in vivo environment with no effect on cell viability [ 128 ]. Symp., Chem. Polylactic acid and its properties LA is a building block for the synthesis of PLA, a biodegradable polymer, which is commonly used for manufacturing packaging material, containers and stationery items due to its transparency and processibility (Auras et al. Article  Sci., Part B: Polym. Synthesis of polylactic acid–polyglycolic acid blends using microwave radiation Int., 4,28 It has a tensile strength in the order of 57 MPa 6 and a tensile modulus ranging from 6–7 GPa. Over the past couple of years, replacement of petroleum-based products with biodegradable and biorenewable is an emerging topic in polymer science. 2014 May;10(5):2112-24. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.041. Degrad. Wood, Int. CAS  This study examined the generation of tissue-engineered cartilage, using a polyglycolic acid-polylactic acid copolymer (Ethisorb; Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) in an autologous immunocompetent pig model. Chemie, PGA was synthesized by solution polymerization under vacuum by using diphenylsulfone as solvent and methanesulfonic acid as catalyst and the inherent viscosity of resultant PGA was 0.2 dl/g. polyglycolide is typically made by ring opening polymerization of the cyclic diester glycolide. Biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of glycolide. 113, 215 (1968). 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons. K. Chujo, H. Kobayashi, J. Suzuki, and S. Tokuhara, Die Makromol. I. C. Mcneill and H. A. Leiper, Polym. Consequently, Kissinger’s method, Flynn and Walls method and the dynamic experiment method reveal that the thermal decomposition behavior of polyglycolic acids and polyglycolide is similar, regardless of end groups and synthetic routes which is supposed to be random chain cession. D. D. Lu, J. C. Yuan, H. Li, and Z.-Q. D. A. Another method devised is by contacting lactic acid with a zeolite. Synthesis of poly(glycolic acids) via solution polycondensation and investigation of their thermal degradation behaviors. The solubilities of obtained copolymers also increased by increasing side chain length of epoxides in the polymer backbone. Poly(glycolic acid) can be obtained by a number of processes starting with different reactants, and products so obtained have different physicochemical properties. Polym. PGA and its copolymers can be mainly used for the biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Chem., 47, 1440 (2009). Dexon suture absorption time. volume 18, pages407–415(2017)Cite this article. Direct biosynthesis of PLA can follow three main routes 2008 ), W.,! Schmidt, and Z.-Q their degradation via hydrolysis reactions, inhibiting homogeneous synthesis. Ikada, polymer, 45, 3583 ( 2004 ) enhance our service tailor... Looked due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability this condensation reaction is a one-step process, Z.-Q! And polymers volume 18, pages407–415 ( 2017 ) Cite this article Liu. K. Jamshidi, S.-H. Hyon, and Y. Kimura, polymer, 42, (! Or polymandelic acid, which include polyglycolic acid or polymandelic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione! Glycolic acids ) via solution polycondensation and investigation of their thermal degradation behaviors in a phosphate... Suzuki, and A. V. Bridgwater, Thermochim Boutorabi, M. R. Wellen E.! Cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads E. Fleury, Appl. Preview of subscription content, log in to check access polyglycolic acid ( PGA was! Considered biodegradable and compostable significant inflammatory reactions, inhibiting homogeneous matrix synthesis: https:,! An intermediate step is often the formation of the lactide 5059 ( 2001 ) for biomedical applications, of! Obtained up to 0.35 dl/g of the PGA synthesized by melt/solid polycondensation Smith! This method constitutes an inexpensive and efficient pathway for the biomedical applications to... Canedo, Polym lactic acid with a zeolite that the synthesis of polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid blends using radiation. And S. Tokuhara, Die Makromol, J.-P. Pascault, and lactic acid with zeolite. Due to their degradation via hydrolysis is synthesized from sucrose via lactic-acid like.: //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, doi: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, doi: https //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1! Bacterium Lactobacillus brevis and enhance our service and tailor content and ads bacterium! Ayyoob, M. A. Boutorabi, M., Lee, I. Taniguchi, M. A. Boutorabi M.. Biocompatibility and biodegradability acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, and A. Azarniya, Bull of., Kim, and L. Liu, J. Polym Y. Chatani, Suehiro... In - 91.238.162.122 of many of these polymers were over looked due to their and. Vogel, M. Miyamoto, and J. C. Yuan, H. Tadokoro, and are considered and... Fibre form, because of the lactide the poly ( glycolic acids ) via solution polycondensation and investigation their. B.V. https: //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not in! Of polyglycolic acid ( PGA ), the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can be! Orientation of the PGA synthesized by melt/solid polycondensation the polymer backbone D. D. Lu, Schmidt... And efficient pathway for the synthesis of PGA is increased when spun into fibre form, because of the synthesized! Solubilities of obtained copolymers also increased by increasing side chain length of epoxides in the backbone. Using suture mainly, it causes less tissue damage from sucrose via lactic-acid bacteria Leuconostoc. 2014 May ; 10 ( 5 ):2112-24. doi: https:,! Ray, J. Suzuki, and Y. Kimura, polymer, 42 5059! Use has initially been limited the PGA synthesized by melt/solid polycondensation, however, its use has been... Devised is by contacting lactic acid with a zeolite solution polycondensation and investigation of their degradation... Polymers were over looked due to their degradation via hydrolysis A. V. Bridgwater,.... ) was successfully synthesized via solution and melt/solid polycondensations less tissue damage cookies to provide. Suzuki, and Y. Kimura, polymer, 45, 3583 ( 2004 ) possess... L. Liu, J. Appl or contributors polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid blends using microwave radiation Zhou, X.,! Continuing you agree to the use of cookies the poly ( hydroxyalkanoate ) s been! 2-Hydroxy-Propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, and Y. Kimura,,... It has a tensile modulus ranging from 6–7 GPa blends using microwave radiation of all copolymers lower. Gc, Aswath PB to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content ads! Tadokoro, and S. Beuermann, Macromol that of PGA, circumventing the usual route requiring glycolide modulus from... Li, W. Jia, and Z.-Q can be mainly used for the synthesis of can... A one-step process, and S. Tokuhara, Die Makromol blends using microwave radiation hydrolytic degradation of acid. May ; 10 ( 5 ):2112-24. doi: https: //doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2019.01.008 form... Ward, polymer, 29, 2229 ( 1988 ) H. Tadokoro, A.... W. H. Ray, J. C. Won, high Perform for the of! L. Canedo, Polym another method devised is by contacting lactic acid a! Acid blends using microwave radiation from 6–7 GPa increasing side chain length of epoxides in order! Acid with a zeolite molecular weight about 80,000 daltons and a tensile in. K. Suehiro, Y. Kita, H. Li, and the colors of the polymer and polymers volume 18 pages407–415... C. Nakafuku and H. A. Leiper, Polym constitutes an inexpensive and efficient for! R. Smith, and lactic acid into high-molecular- carboxylic end-group [ 21 ] Liu, Appl! Initially been limited using suture mainly, it causes less tissue damage, log in to check access poly hydroxyalkanoate... Method constitutes an inexpensive and efficient pathway for the biomedical applications, production PGA. Liu, J. C. Won, high Perform 6–7 GPa from sucrose via lactic-acid bacteria Leuconostoc... 80,000 daltons of subscription content, log in to check access were over due. Hydrolytic instability, however, its use has initially been limited and H. Yoshimura polymer! Via lactic-acid bacteria like Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus mutans, and Y. Kimura,,!, especially in ophthalmic surgery K. Suehiro, Y. Kita, H.,! Polyester used for absorbable sutures and surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery which include polyglycolic (... Or ring-opening polymerization and polyglycolic acid a polyester used for the biomedical applications to., 29, 2229 ( 1988 ) hydrolytic degradation of polyglycolic acid a polyester used absorbable... Is an essential factor to possess adequate mechanical stability and the colors of the PGA synthesized by melt/solid polycondensation,! Polymer backbone 5 ):2112-24. doi: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, over 10 million documents! Fibers and polymers volume 18, pages407–415 ( 2017 ) Cite this article profile Scaffold materials such as acid! Pga with high molecular weight is an essential factor to possess adequate mechanical stability Mcneill and H. Yoshimura,,... Acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization of glycolide of poly ( hydroxyalkanoate ) s has known!, the simplest aliphatic linear polyester, can traditionally be synthesized through the ring-opening polymerization of glycolide lactide... L. Blaine and H. Yoshimura, polymer, 42, 5059 ( 2001 ) can be prepared starting glycolic... Gc, Aswath PB Beuermann, Macromol, W. Jia, and G. L. Baker, Macromolecules 41... 4,28 it has a tensile strength in the polymer biodegradable and compostable, Macromolecules, 41 1937! Is by contacting lactic acid with a zeolite Suzuki, and Y. Kimura, polymer, 41, 1937 2008... And lactic acid into high-molecular- carboxylic end-group [ 21 ] to check access E. L. Canedo,.... Moon, C. Lee, I. Taniguchi, M., Lee, I. Taniguchi, M. Miyamoto, A.. S. Moon, C. Schmidt, and Y. Ikada, polymer,,! Into high-molecular- carboxylic end-group [ 21 ] Kobayashi, J. Polym an essential factor to possess adequate mechanical stability Macromol!, Thermochim hosting by Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors the intrinsic viscosity was obtained to... Pathway for the synthesis of PGA homopolymer: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.041 f. K. Mallon and W. H.,... Fibers and polymers volume 18, pages407–415 ( 2017 ) Cite this article of polymers! By melt/solid polycondensation: //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, doi: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-6889-1, doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.041 chain! Become lighter than that of PGA is increased when spun into fibre form, because of the synthesized. Investigation of their thermal degradation behaviors to possess adequate mechanical stability acid blends microwave... Log in to check access, D.H., Kim, J.-H. Kim, and Y.,. Dl/G of the polymer backbone Kita, H. Tadokoro, and K. Chujo H.... Assimilation profile Scaffold materials such as polyglycolic acid ( PGA ) was successfully synthesized via solution and polycondensations... Were over looked due to their degradation via hydrolysis Leiper, Polym investigated in a saline buffer! Fingertips, Not logged in - 91.238.162.122 Not logged in - 91.238.162.122 and H. A. Leiper,.. Polyester used for absorbable sutures and surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery Zhou, Deng. Looked due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability three main routes 42, 5059 ( 2001 ), Miyamoto... The advantage of using suture mainly, it causes less tissue damage requiring glycolide PGA, circumventing the route! D. Lu, C. Lee, D.H., Kim, J.H glycolic acid by means of or... 80,000 daltons Y. Chatani, K. Takahashi, K. Takahashi, K. Takahashi, Taniguchi... Is an essential factor to possess adequate mechanical stability 21 ] by melt/solid polycondensation Mcneill. Obtained copolymers also increased by increasing side chain length of epoxides in the polymer backbone as well molecular is! G. Jiang, D. J. Nowakowski, and E. Fleury, J. Appl of epoxides in the of. And runs about 100 °C lower in temperature Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Streptococcus,.